The poet decides to leave and join Peng Xian ( Chinese: 彭咸), a figure that many believes to be the God of Sun.
The poem's main themes include Qu Yuan's falling victim to intrigues in the court of Chu, and subsequent exile his desire to remain pure and untainted by the corruption that was rife in the court and also his lamentation at the gradual decline of the once-powerful state of Chu. The poet alludes to being slandered by enemies and being rejected by the king he served ( King Huai of Chu).Īs a representative work of Chu poetry it makes use of a wide range of metaphors derived from the culture of Chu, which was strongly associated with a Chinese form of shamanism, and the poet spends much of the "Li Sao" on a spirit journey visiting with spirits and deities. "Li Sao" is also a political allegory in which the poet laments that his own righteousness, purity, and honor are unappreciated and go unused in a corrupt world. "Li Sao" is a seminal work in the large Chinese tradition of landscape and travel literature. The "Li Sao" begins with the poet's introduction of himself, his ancestry, and some references to his current situation, and then proceeds to recount the poet's fantastical physical and spiritual trip across the landscapes of ancient China, real and mythological. Dating from the time of King Huai of Chu, in the late third century BCE, the poem "Li Sao" is a remarkable example of Chinese poetry.
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In the "Li Sao", the poet despairs that he has been plotted against by evil factions at court with his resulting rejection by his lord and then recounts a series of shamanistic spirit journeys to various mythological realms, engaging or attempting to engage with a variety of divine or spiritual beings, with the theme of the righteous minister unfairly rejected sometimes becoming exaggerated in the long history of later literary criticism and allegorical interpretation. The rest of the Chuci anthology is centered on the "Li Sao", the purported biography of its author Qu Yuan, and often its innovative epic poetic lines. In his signature poem "Li Sao", Qu Yuan manifests himself in a poetic character, which is a major landmark in the tradition of Classical Chinese poetry, contrasting with the anonymous poetic voices encountered in the Shijing and the other early poems which exist as preserved in the form of incidental incorporations into various documents of ancient miscellany. This famous piece was written by the person generally known as Qu Yuan, an aristocrat of the Kingdom of Chu. The poem "Li Sao" is the lead poem and the main inspiration for the Chuci collection. The early poetic tradition of China survives mainly through two anthologies, one being the Chuci, the other being the formally distinct Classic of Poetry (or Shijing). "Li Sao" ( Chinese: 離騷 literally: " Encountering Sorrow"") is a Chinese poem dating from the Warring States period of ancient China. With one reference is practically useless for considering these details.įurthermore, we show on a sample document from the domain of agreements thatĮven the best systems completely fail in preserving the semantics of theĪgreement, namely the identity of the parties.Two pages from "Li sao" from a 1645 illustrated copy of the Chuci, showing the poem "Li Sao", with its name being enhanced by the addition of the character 經 ( jing), which is usually only so used in the case of referring to one of the Chinese Classics. Translations by many systems seem almost perfect and automatic MT evaluation
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The detailed manual evaluation however indicates that deep factual News domain can perform quite well even in the particular domain of audit
Our evaluation suggests that current MT systems optimized for the general Translation Task for translation directions involving Czech, English and
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Download a PDF of the paper titled SAO WMT19 Test Suite: Machine Translation of Audit Reports, by Tereza Vojt\vej Bojar Download PDF Abstract: This paper describes a machine translation test set of documents from theĪuditing domain and its use as one of the "test suites" in the WMT19 News
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